This chapter attempts to fill the gap in the currently limited available empirical literature concerning the impacts of infrastructure on human development. This study assesses the impacts of several infrastructure variables (access to electricity, access to clean drinking water sources, and road density) on the human development index (HDI) and its three component indexes (i.e., health, education, and income) using the panel data of 1995 to 2010 covering 91 developing countries. The estimation resulted in revealing that all three infrastructure variables have significant positive impacts on HDI. Thus it goes on to argue that eradication of all forms of infrastructure poverty (defined as “lack of access to infrastructure services”) is a necessary, if not sufficient, condition to eliminate human poverty sustainably.