Several earthquakes record that the residential fills always suffer severe damages. In order to know the seismic damage mechanism and evaluate the damage extent of residential fill ground, research is carried out on two fill grounds in the eastern part of Kyoto basin. The research includes field survey about terrain condition, geological condition, development history, disaster condition during 1995 Kobe earthquake and surface wave explorations. Some remarkable conclusions are summarized as follows: In Jyodo-ji area, it is a residential fill on soft alluvium ground. The geological condition is back swamp. The thickness of surface fill soil is about 1 similar to 4 meters. In Kiyomizu-dera area, it is a valley filled ground. The geological condition is hilly platform.