<p>Stainless steels are remarkably used for many parts of structures in transportation equipment, electrical machinery, aviation and automotive industries. It is important to make clear the mechanical properties of stainless steel. This paper describes the characteristics of surface modification layer cutting by end milling and burnishing process for SUS316 austenitic stainless steel. Machined surface is evaluated in Vickers hardness test and X-ray diffraction. It is found that burnishing process with using conventional cemented carbide end mill tool can improve finish surface hardness. Hardness of SUS316 machined surface is remarkably much higher than hardness of non-machined surface because of generation of martensite structures. Burnishing process with low cutting speed and small feed rate is the best cutting process to generate martensite structure within SUS316 machined surface.</p>