A new polycipivirus was identified in the arboreal ant Colobopsis shohki. The viral RNA was 11,855 nt in length with five 5'-proximal open reading frames (ORFs) encoding structural proteins and a long 3' ORF encoding the replication polyprotein. The protein sequences of these ORFs had significant similarity to those of the polycipiviruses Lasius niger virus 1 and Solenopsis invicta virus 2. The results of phylogenetic analysis and its genome organization suggested that this virus belongs to the genus Sopolycivirus in the family Polycipiviridae. The name "Colobopsis shohki virus 1" (CshV1) is proposed for the new virus.