The purpose of this paper is to clarify the tendency of local communities to participate in and implement the “Measures to Conserve and Improve Land, Water, and Environment”. The study was conducted across 26 communities in Fukusaki town, Hyogo prefecture. The main findings are as follows. (1) The shortage of funds for the maintenance of irrigation canals and farm roads was an important factor in the participation of communities in the policy. (2) The officials of the communities that participated in the policy recognized the effectiveness of the implemented measures in improving the conditions of canals and roads, and hoped to continue the implemented measures after the end of the policy to foster interaction among the residents.