We developed a relationship between calculated peak ground velocities (PGV) and damage ratios of residential houses in the Chuo-ward, Kobe, during the 1995 Hyogo-ken-Nanbu earthquake. Using the relationship, we evaluated the PGV distribution in the whole Hanshin area, and demonstrated that it corresponded to the PGV of observed records and overturning ratios of tombstones. Next, we developed vulnerability functions of few stories and mid-to-high-rise buildings. Then, we concluded that vulnerability functions of buildings is not depending on its use but on stories of buildings. Finaly, we developed vulnerability functions of reinforced concrete buildings, we compared them with the vulnerability function of mid-to-high-rise apartment houses.