INTRODUCTION: Relationships between adipokines, adiposity and severity of acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy have not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the relationships between three serum adipokines (leptin, adiponectin and TNF-α), physique index (Kaup index) and clinical severity in 13 bronchiolitis infants. Seven healthy infants were enrolled as the control group. We used Modified Pulmonary Index Score (MPIS) to evaluate bronchiolitis severity. RESULTS: No significant differences in adipokine levels were found between groups. In bronchiolitis infants, Kaup index negatively correlated with MPIS (r = -0.614, p = 0.03). A positive correlation was observed between the serum leptin/adiponectin ratio and MPIS (r = 0.618, p = 0.03), although correlations were not observed between respective serum adipokines levels and MPIS. Serum leptin and adiponectin had significantly negative correlations with age (r = 0.815, p = 0.001 and r = 0.566, p = 0.04, respectively), but not Kaup index. CONCLUSION: The severity of viral bronchiolitis in infancy may be related to the adipokine profile, but not adiposity.