Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) are the only animal model that suffers from spontaneous cerebral stroke. In this study, we investigated the appearance of neural stem cells (NSCs) and new neurons in the penumbra and the subventricular zone (SVZ) after cerebral stroke in SHRSP. SHRSP before cerebral stroke were intraperitoneally injected with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). SHRSP were divided into acute and chronic phase groups after cerebral stroke. Brain sections from both groups were studied with cell-specific markers such as BrdU, a cell division and proliferation marker, sex-determining region Y-box 2, a marker of NSCs, nestin, an NSC and immature astrocyte marker, doublecortin, an immature new neuron marker, and neuron-specific nuclear protein, a marker of mature neurons. NSCs and new neurons appeared in the penumbra in the early stages after cerebral stroke, and these cells differentiated into mature neurons in the chronic phase. Furthermore, soon after being affected by a cerebral stroke, there were many new neurons and immature cells, which appear to be NSCs, in the ipsilateral SVZ. Immature cells and new neurons from the ipsilateral SVZ might migrate into the penumbra after cerebral stroke, and this is the first report of their observation after a spontaneous cerebral stroke.