The C-type lectin receptor called Mincle (macrophage-inducible C-type lectin) is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) mainly expressed by myeloid cells. Over the years, Mincle has been reported to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from several microorganisms. Among these PAMPs, the most studied is trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM), which is also the most abundant glycolipid present in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated that Mincle is involved in fungi recognition, and a growing number of reports show that this PRR may recognize other pathogens. However, in some cases the ligands are still unknown, or the exact role of Mincle in the immune response against these pathogens is unclear. In this chapter, we will begin by presenting the pathogens recognized by Mincle. Then, the Mincle-glycolipid interaction will be described at the molecular level. And last but not least, we will discuss the immune response triggered through Mincle.