Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been applied to elucidate the radical structures of Argonne premium coals and the reaction processes in coal tar pitches (CTP). Using two-dimensional nutation spectroscopy, the main EPR signals around g = 2.00 for the coals were confirmed to be attributed to free radicals rather than spin clusters with higher spin multiplicities. The broad H-1- and C-13-hyperfine spectra of the coals were detected separately by hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy. It is concluded that the main coal radicals are pi radicals delocalized in pericondensed aromatic hydrocarbons with more than seven aromatic rings, which are larger than those of the most probable aromatic molecules in coals. HYSCORE spectroscopy, furthermore, helped us to understand the chemical change in the cation radicals in the charge-transfer complexes that accelerate the dehydrogenative polymerization of I-2-treated CTP.