According to the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis, a dysregulation in the most abundant neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, contributes to the emergence of autism symptomatology. While potentially groundbreaking, the exact role of E/I imbalance has so far remained relatively ambiguous with little impact on diagnosis and practice. This is partly due to limited overlap between preclinical and human work, and lack of translation and discussion thereof. Our panel will discuss recent studies investigating E/I imbalance in ASD using different and cutting edge methods. We integrate animal model work with behavioral results in humans focussing on sensory processing; we discuss the role of glutamate and GABA gene-sets in association with brain structure and neurochemistry; and lastly, how pharmacological challenges to E/I imbalance can give further insight into mechanisms underlying ASD, and potential treatment. Our discussant will tie this together, critically discuss the presentations, and recommend future goals for studying f E/I. The panel emphasises the necessity of crossdomain discussions to develop useful future translational approaches. Together, we will give novel insights into the pathophysiology of ASD across domains, discuss overlap (and lack thereof), with the aim to provide an overview and guidance for future research.