Abstract. Following the protocol of the fourth phase of the Paleoclimate
Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4), we performed numerical experiments
targeting distinctive past time periods using the Model for
Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, Earth System version 2 for Long-term
simulations (MIROC-ES2L), which is an Earth system model. Setup and basic
performance of the experiments are presented. The Last Glacial Maximum was one of the most extreme climate states during
the Quaternary and conducting numerical modeling experiments of this period
has long been a challenge for the paleoclimate community. We conducted a
Last Glacial Maximum experiment with a long spin-up of nearly 9000 years.
Globally, there was reasonable agreement between the anomalies relative to the present day derived from model climatology and those derived from proxy data archives, while some regional discrepancies remained. By changing orbital and greenhouse gas forcings, we conducted experiments
for two interglacial periods: 6000 and 127 000 years before present. Model
anomalies relative to the present day were qualitatively consistent with
variations in solar forcing. However, anomalies in the model were smaller
than those derived from proxy data archives, suggesting that processes that
play a role in past interglacial climates remain lacking in this
state-of-the-art model. We conducted transient simulations from 850 to 1850 CE and from 1850
to 2014 CE. Cooling in the model indicated a clear response to huge volcanic
eruptions, consistent with paleo-proxy data. The contrast between cooling
during the Little Ice Age and warming during the 20th to 21st
centuries was represented well at the multidecadal timescale.