This roundtable assembles American, Russian, Canadian, and Japanese scholars and practitioners to address challenges to Arctic identities. Alaska serves as the anchor for the United States to base itself as an Arctic country but Cameron Carlson notes that Alaskans have a fragmented understanding of their association with it. For Canada, where Arctic heritage is central, geopolitics, indigenous empowerment struggles, and climate change complicate the formation of a single Arctic identity, diplomat Leigh Sarty argues. Russia reinforces its Arctic identity on the one hand by its assertions of sovereignty and interests, but, as Alexander Sergunin maintains, it also seeks to address the region’s soft security challenges. Sergei Sevastyanov notes that the need to develop the Arctic more effectively leads to a blurring of regional identities with the inclusion of the Arctic in a Russian ministry originally oriented to the economic development of the Russian Far East. As Aki Tonami argues, Japan looks at the Arctic as a mirror to reflect and construct Japan’s own identity. This differs from China, which self-identifies as a ‘near-Arctic state’. Elizabeth Wishnick explains that for China a presence in the Arctic provides an opportunity to have a voice and define an identity as a global rulemaker.