To investigate the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the development of hypertensive renal vascular remodeling, antiserum against NGF (anti-NGF) or vehicle was injected at 3 weeks of age in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (n = 9 for each treatment in each strain). Flow-pressure (F-P) and pressure-glomerular filtration rate (P-GFR) relationships at vasodilated perfused kidneys were determined at 10 weeks of age. In the vehicle rats, blood pressure, renal noradrenaline content, the gradient of F-P (minimal vascular resistance at pre- and post-glomerular vasculature) and the X-intercept of P-GFR (preglomerular : postglomerular vascular resistance ratio) were greater in SHR than in WKY rats, although the gradient of P-GFR (glomerular filtration capacity) did not differ significantly between the strains. Blood pressure and renal noradrenaline content were lower in SHR receiving anti-NGF than in SHR receiving vehicle, although such difference was not observed in WKY rats. The gradient of F-P was less but the gradient of P-GFR was greater in SHR receiving anti-NGF compared with SHR receiving vehicle, although the similar differences did not occur in WKY rats. Blood pressure and renal noradrenaline content remained greater in SHR treated with anti-NGF compared with WKY rats treated with vehicle; however, the gradient of F-P did not differ significantly between them. Contrary, anti-NGF did not affect the X-intercept of P-GFR in either strain. In conclusion, NGF could contribute to the genesis of renal vascular remodeling, at least in part, through modification of renal sympathetic activity and blood pressure in SHR.