This study is concerned with the collision behavior of water droplets impacting onto a solid. Three-dimensional computer simulations are performed to understand the physics of phenomena. The Navier-Stokes equations for unsteady, incompressible, viscous fluid in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system are approximated and solved by a finite difference method. The VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) technique is used to track free liquid surface. The effects of liquid viscosity, surface tension, gravity, and wettability between liquid and solid are taken into account. Normal and oblique collisions of droplets with the substrate are simulated at relatively low impact inertia of droplets. Experiments are also carried out in order to validate the numerical results. The numerical results agree reasonably well with experiments. The physics of phenomena is discussed in detail from theoretical aspects. Copyright © 2005 by ASME.