Papers

Peer-reviewed
2014

ASTRO-H Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT)

SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY
  • Yang Soong
  • Takashi Okajima
  • Peter J. Serlemitsos
  • Stephen L. Odell
  • Brian D. Ramsey
  • Mikhail V. Gubarev
  • Manabu Ishida
  • Yoshitomo Maeda
  • Ryo Iizuka
  • Takayuki Hayashi
  • Yuzuru Tawara
  • Akihiro Furuzawa
  • Hideyuki Mori
  • Takuya Miyazawa
  • Hideyo Kunieda
  • Hisamitsu Awaki
  • Satoshi Sugita
  • Keisuke Tamura
  • Kazunori Ishibashi
  • Takanori Izumiya
  • Sari Minami
  • Toshiki Sato
  • Kazuki Tomikawa
  • Naomichi Kikuchi
  • Toshihiro Iwase
  • Display all

Volume
9144
Number
Language
English
Publishing type
Research paper (international conference proceedings)
DOI
10.1117/12.2056804
Publisher
SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING

ASTRO-H is an astrophysics satellite dedicated for non-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic study on selective celestial X-ray sources. Among the onboard instruments there are four Wolter-I X-ray mirrors of their reflectors' figure in conical approximation. Two of the four are soft X-ray mirrors(1), of which the energy range is from a few hundred eV to 15 keV within the effective aperture being defined by the nested reflectors' radius ranging between 5.8 cm to 22.5 cm. The focal point instruments will be a calorimeter (SXS) and a CCD camera (SXI), respectively. The mirrors were in quadrant configuration with photons being reflected consecutively in the primary and secondary stage before converging on the focal plane of 5.6 m away from the interface between the two stages. The reflectors of the mirror are made of heat-formed aluminum substrate of the thickness gauged of 152 mu m, 229 mu m, and 305 mu m of the alloy 5052 H-19, followed by epoxy replication on gold-sputtered smooth Pyrex cylindrical mandrels to acquire the X-ray reflective surface. The epoxy layer is 10 mu m nominal and surface gold layer of 0.2 mu m. Improvements on angular response over its predecessors, e.g. Astro-E1/Suzaku mirrors, come from error reduction on the figure, the roundness, and the grazing angle/radius mismatching of the reflecting surface, and tighter specs and mechanical strength on supporting structure to reduce the reflector positioning and the assembly errors.Each soft x-ray telescope (SXT), SXT-1 or SXT-2, were integrated from four independent quadrants of mirrors. The stray-light baffles, in quadrant configuration, were mounted onto the integrated mirror. Thermal control units were attached to the perimeter of the integrated mirror to keep the mirror within operating temperature in space. The completed instrument went through a series of optical alignment, thus made the quadrant images confocal and their optical axes in parallel to achieve highest throughput possible. Environmental tests were carried out, and optical quality of the telescopes has been confirmed. SXT-1 and -2 were tested with the broad but slightly divergent beam, up to 8 arc-minutes, at Goddard. The full characterization were carried out in Japan which includes: angular resolution, effective area in the energy range of similar to 0.4 - 12keV, off-axis response at various energies, etc. We report the calibration results of the SXT-1 and -2 that were obtained at NASA/Goddard and JAXA/ISAS. The detailed calibration are reported in the two papers in this conference: 9144-206, "Ground-based x-ray calibration of the ASTRO-H soft x-ray telescopes" by R. Iizuka et al. and 9144-207, "Revealing a detailed performance of the soft x-ray telescopes of the ASTRO-H mission" by T. Sato, et al. Some small but significant discrepancies existed between ISAS and Goddard measurements that were attributed to the difference of the X-ray beams - pencil beam vs divergent beam.

Link information
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056804
Web of Science
https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=JSTA_CEL&SrcApp=J_Gate_JST&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=WOS:000354529100068&DestApp=WOS_CPL
ID information
  • DOI : 10.1117/12.2056804
  • ISSN : 0277-786X
  • Web of Science ID : WOS:000354529100068

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