The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effects of skeletal muscle volume improvementthrough a body mass-based resistance training intervention with or without the intake ofGlavonoid. Thirty elderly men were randomly assigned to a Glavonoid(n=15)and to a Placebo(n=15)groups. Both groups underwent a series of resistance training programs, in which 3exercises were conducted for the trunk and lower limb muscles(20 repetitions/exercise)for 12weeks. During the training period, the subjects were performed in the exercises, once a week inthe gym supervised by fitness instructors and 6 days a week at their own homes.Before and after the training intervention, body composition, muscle thickness and thescore of performance test were determined. After the training for 12 weeks, skinfold thickness atthe anterior thigh significantly decreased, and muscle thicknesses at the abdomen and anteriorthigh increased in the Glavonoid group. In both groups, the sit-up test score significantlyimproved after the intervention. The relative change in the score of sit-to-stand test wasnegatively correlated with the pre-intervention score, indicating that the training effect dependson the baseline fitness level. It was concluded that Glavonoid has favorable roles for muscle sizeand against adiposity in the elderly men when it is combined with a body-mass based resistancetraining, and that the training intensity should be adjusted for each individual.