The amount of research concerning the role of social capital in economic development has grown immensely in the previous decade, but measurement and usefulness of the concept still remain very pervasive and inaccessible to policy makers. This work departs from others on the topic of social capital because it differentiates between the collective capacity of shared social networks spurred on by norms and values and those social relations propagated by interactions in the market. Using household data collected in two villages in semi-rural Cambodia, this paper shows that market interactions are an embedded aspect of everyday social relations in the village and enhance the ability of social capital to meaningfully contribute to income. Social market interactions directly contribute to livelihood through improvements and dedication to personal business and contribute indirectly through an enhancement of social capital that capitalizes on group efficiency. Specifically, group efficiency is maintained in the short-term by the survival of the limited-group morality currently existing in the villages. Policies and participatory programs intending to improve the basic social behavior contributing to rural productivity should develop a local environment that draws upon established social structures and encourages mechanisms for enhancing communications with marketplaces and other communities.