Background/Aims: Although preservation of the vaguas nerve is recommended in surgery for early-stage gastric cancer, the physiological effect of vagotomy on the postoperative course has not been well documented. We assessed the effect of vagotomy on the change in fat volume after gastrectomy. Methodology: Subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) were separately measured in computed tomographic images taken before and more than 6 months after surgery, using Fat Scan software. The ratios of postoperative/preoperative values of these two fat areas as well as body weight were calculated in 45 patients who underwent DG with (n=24) or without (n=21) vagotomy. Results: Vagotomy did not affect the change in body weight (91.3 +/- 1.7% vs. 92.1 +/- 1.7%). In patients with vagotomy, VFA was reduced to 59.0 +/- 5.1%, which was significantly greater than the reduction in SFA (74.3 +/- 8.7%, p=0.042). In contrast, the reduction ratios of VFA and SFA were equal in vagus nerve-preserved patients (78.4 +/- 6.7% vs. 78.2 +/- 6.9%, p=0.97). Conclusions: The vagus nerve may have a function to locally regulate the intra-abdominal fat volume and preservation of the vagus nerve results in the maintenance of visceral fat after DG.