Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels play important roles in cerebellar functions including motor coordination and learning. Since abundant expression of CaV2.3 Ca2+ channel gene in the cerebellum was detected, we searched for possible deficits in the cerebellar functions in the CaV2.3 mutant mice. Behavioral analysis detected in delayed motor learning in rotarod tests in mice heterozygous and homozygous for the CaV2.3 gene disruption (CaV2.3+/- and CaV2.3-/-, respectively). Electrophysiological analysis of mutant mice revealed perplexing results: deficit in long-term depression (LTD) at the parallel fiber Purkinje cell synapse in CaV2.3+/- mice but apparently normal LTD in CaV2.3-/- mice. On the other hand, the number of spikes evoked by current injection in Purkinje cells under the current-clamp mode decreased in CaV2.3 mutant mice in a gene dosage-dependent manner, suggesting that CaV2.3 channel contributed to spike generation in Purkinje cells. Thus, CaV2.3 channel seems to play some roles in cerebellar functions. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.