Newly born neurons continuously migrate into the main and accessory olfactory bulbs and modulate the output of projection neurons. Despite some contradictory results, it is becoming clear that these newly born neurons play an important role in the response to some odorant cues. In this minireview, we discuss the recent findings surrounding the functional significance of adult neurogenesis in olfaction-dependent behaviors. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.