Purpose: The mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) are ideally suited for fixed dental prostheses. However, PEEK typically has low adhesion strength to resin-based luting agent. This study assessed the shear bond strength between laser groove treated PEEK and resin-based luting agent. Methods: A total of 230 specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 46): no-treatment, air abrasion treatment, 100 mm-deep, 150 mm-deep, and 200 mm-deep laser groove treatments. The surface roughness was measured, scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the specimen surfaces, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the surfaces. Each group was divided into four resin-based luting agent subgroups: Panavia V5, RelyX Ultimate Resin Cement, G-CEM Link Force, and Super-Bond C&B. After the resin-based luting agent was bonded to the specimens, the bond strength was measured using shear tests and the failure modes were assessed by stereomicroscopy. The surfaces were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after the shear bond strength measurements. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference test (alpha = 0.05). Results: The PEEK surface after laser groove treatment groups exhibited the highest mean Ra values. In the XPS analysis, the laser treated PEEK surface exhibited an effective surface composition for bonding with resin-based luting agent. The shear bond strengths for the laser groove treated samples were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the no-treatment and air abrasion treatment groups. Conclusions: The shear bond strength between PEEK and resin-based luting agent was substantially improved by laser groove treatment. (c) 2018 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.