This article reviews previous studies concerning the contingency judgment of elderly people. An interesting topic within older adults' learning, the field of contingency judgment began to emerge about 20 years ago following the publication of an article on illusory control by Mutter and Pliske (1994). The paper presents a summary of illusory correlation and judgment strategy related to early research in this area. Additionally, there are some schemas for recent studies about prior belief, S-S and R・O contingency, generalization, discrimination, and stimulus competition. This article also outlines the key differences between young and elderly people regarding contingency judgment. The theoretical framework for "associative learning" may be useful not only for contingency judgment studies but also for many areas in gerontological research. Furthermore,other implications of cognitive aging in human judgment are discussed as potential topics for future research.