© 2018 selection and editorial matter, Yukihiro Ikeda and Annalisa Rosselli; individual chapters, the contributors. Since the early 1930s, Lionel Robbins (1898-1984) and William H. Beveridge (1879-1963) had been the leaders on ‘how to avoid wars’. They shared general ideas on the seed, the soil, and accelerating elements of wars, which brought them their tight collaboration.