BACKGROUND/AIM: Multidisciplinary treatment including anatomical pulmonary and chest wall resection is recommended for lung cancer complicated by chest wall invasion. The present study aimed to investigate the survival benefit and safety of preoperative therapy followed by surgery for non-small cell lung cancer with chest wall invasion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-five patients who underwent surgical excision of lung cancer complicated with chest wall invasion between 2009 and 2020 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: The median age was 65 (37-81) years old, with 59 males and 6 females. Histological types included squamous cell carcinoma (n=32) and adenocarcinoma (n=21). The median tumor diameter was 5.5 cm (2.3-12.5 cm). The clinical nodal status was N0 in 49 cases and N positive in 16 cases. Of the 65 eligible patients, 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.4% and 46.0%, respectively, and 5- and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 54.2% and 41.7%, respectively. For patients receiving preoperative therapy followed by surgery (Pre-Tx), 5- and 10-year OS survival rates were 69.2% and 62.9%, and among patients receiving up-front surgery (UFS) were 48.5% and 29.1%, respectively (p=0.03). The 5- and 10-year PFS rates for pre-Tx were 65.8% and 59.2%, respectively, and 44.7% and 26.8% for UFS, respectively (p=0.02). Cox regression analysis preoperative therapy was significantly associated with OS and PFS. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the survival benefit of preoperative therapy followed by surgery for patients with lung cancer and chest wall invasion.