Anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) is a relatively new member of the family of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) as an electrochemical system for electric power sources. Alkaline environment in the anion-exchange membranes provides some advantageous characteristics for AEMFCs. In this comprehensive paper, some attractive features of AEMFCs are briefly explained as compared with proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and our recent results on electrocatalysts and triple-phase boundary in AEMFCs are discussed. (C) The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.