The effect of shot peening (SP) on rolling contact fatigue life of bearing steel JIS-SUJ2 under contaminated lubrication was investigated. Vickers hardness of the specimen were measured before and after SP. Resistance to indentations was compared by measuring the profiles of the Vickers indentation. Then, rolling contact fatigue tests were carried out under contaminated lubrication. The resistance to indentations and rolling contact fatigue life were improved by SP owing to work hardening and compressive residual stress. Thus, SP is effective in increasing the rolling contact fatigue life in contaminated lubrication.