AIMS: Purine-degrading enzymes are favorable as medications and diagnostic tools for hyperuricemia. This study aimed to characterize enzymes isolated from microorganisms, which may useful for developing a new prophylaxis for hyperuricemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cellulosimicrobium funkei A153 was found to be a good catalyst for hypoxanthine degradation and could oxidize hypoxanthine to xanthine and further to uric acid. The enzyme catalyzing this oxidation was purified, and its partial amino acid sequences were examined. Based on this information and genome sequencing results, this xanthine dehydrogenase family protein was cloned and expressed in Rhodococcus erythropolis L88. The recombinant enzyme with a His-tag was characterized. The enzyme was a xanthine oxidase as it could utilize molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor. It was stable under 50ºC and exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0. The kcat, Km, and kcat/Km values for xanthine were 1.4 s-1, 0.22 mmol l-1, and 6.4 s-1 mmol-1 l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Xanthine oxidase is favorable for hyperuricemia medication because it oxidizes hypoxanthine, an easily adsorbed purine, to xanthine and further to uric acid, which are hardly adsorbed purines. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: The enzyme is useful for decreasing serum uric acid levels via conversion of easily absorbed purines to hardly absorbed purines in the intestine. Enzymes from microorganisms may be used as a novel prophylaxis for hyperuricemia.