This study explored what elementary school teachers in Japan thought about ICT use and the programming education, which will be compulsory in elementary school from 2020. In this study mixed research method was adopted. The author first visited elementary schools to observe computer classes, interview teachers, and administer a questionnaire. In the second survey author conducted a nationwide survey. Completed questionnaires were returned by 309 elementary school teachers, covering 44 out of 47 of Japan's prefectures. The results showed ICT was underused by pupils and premise of programming education was unmade. Teachers expected from programming education, however, they had divided opinions about its necessity and lacked confidence in teaching programming.