論文

査読有り 責任著者 国際誌
2021年1月15日

Cadmium-stimulated invasion of rat liver cells during malignant transformation: Evidence of the involvement of oxidative stress/TET1-sensitive machinery.

Toxicology
  • Masayo Hirao-Suzuki
  • ,
  • Shuso Takeda
  • ,
  • Genki Sakai
  • ,
  • Michael P Waalkes
  • ,
  • Narumi Sugihara
  • ,
  • Masufumi Takiguchi

447
開始ページ
152631
終了ページ
152631
記述言語
英語
掲載種別
研究論文(学術雑誌)
DOI
10.1016/j.tox.2020.152631
出版者・発行元
Elsevier BV

Cadmium (Cd) is recognized as a highly toxic heavy metal for humans in part because it is a multi-organ carcinogen. To clarify the mechanism of Cd carcinogenicity, we have established an experimental system using rat liver TRL1215 cells exposed to 2.5 μM Cd for 10 weeks and then cultured in Cd-free medium for an additional 4 weeks (total 14 weeks). Recently, we demonstrated, by using this experimental system, that 1) Cd stimulates cell invasion by suppression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) expression, and 2) Cd induces DNA hypermethylation of the regulatory region of the ApoE gene. However, the underlying mechanism(s) as well as other potential genetic participants in the Cd-stimulated invasion are undefined. In the present work, we found that concurrent with enhanced invasion, Cd induced oxidative stress, coupled with the production of oxidative stress-sensitive metallothionein 2A (MT2A), which lead to down-modulation of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1: DNA demethylation) in addition to ApoE, without impacting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs: DNA methylation) levels. Furthermore, the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 and 3 (TIMP2 and TIMP3) that are positively regulated by TET1, were decreased by Cd. The genes (ApoE/TET1/TIMP2/TIMP3) suppressed by Cd were further suppressed by hydroquinone (HQ; a reactive oxygen species [ROS] producer), whereas N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC; a ROS scavenger) prevented the suppression of their expression by HQ. In addition, NAC reversed their expression suppressed by Cd. Cd-stimulated cell invasion was clearly dampened by NAC in a concentration-dependent manner. Overall these findings suggest that 1) altered TET1 expression and activity together with ApoE are likely involved in the enhanced invasiveness due to Cd exposure, and 2) Cd down-regulation of TET1 likely evokes a reduction in ApoE expression (possible by DNA hypermethylation), and 3) anti-oxidants are effective in abrogation of the enhanced invasiveness that occurs concurrently with Cd-induced malignant transformation.

リンク情報
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2020.152631
PubMed
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33188856
ID情報
  • DOI : 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152631
  • ISSN : 0300-483X
  • PubMed ID : 33188856

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