Aboveground biomass and litterfall of Pinus pumila scrubs, growing on the Kiso mountain range in central Japan, were investigated from 1984 to 1985. The biomass of two research plots (P1 and P2) with different scrub heights was estimated by two methods, the stratified clip technique and the allometric method. Aboveground total biomass estimated by the latter method reached 181 ton d.w. ha-1 in P1 and 132 ton d.w. ha-1 in P2. Creeping stems contributed to about half of the total biomass. Although estimates of woody organs differed between the two plots, leaf biomass estimates were almost the same at 15.5 ton d.w. ha-1. The canopies of the two P. pumila scrubs were characterized by a large mean leaf area density of 5.0 m2 m-3. Despite this large area density, relatively moderate attenuation of light intensity was observed. Specific leaf area generally increased with reduced leaf height. Annual total litterfall was estimated to be 3.60 ton d.w. ha-1 yr-1 in P1 and 2.39 ton d.w. ha-1 yr-1 in P2. Annual leaf fall in both plots was approximately 2.0 ton d.w. ha-1 yr-1. Leaves fell mainly in early autumn. Annual loss rates of branches, estimated as the sum of annual branch litterfall and the amount of newly formed attached dead branches, were 0.29 ton d.w. ha-1 yr-1 in P1 and 0.37 ton d.w. ha-1 yr-1 in P2. © 1989 Ecological Society of Japan.