We studied the fluorescence (FL) properties of highly exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous solution using continuous-wave and time-resolved FL spectroscopy. The FL spectra of highly exfoliated GO showed two distinct peaks at similar to 440 (blue) and similar to 300 nm [ultraviolet (UV)]. The FL of GO in the UV region at similar to 300 nm was observed for the first time. The average FL lifetimes of the emission peaks at similar to 440 and similar to 300 nm are 8-13 and 6-8 ns, respectively. The experimentally observed peak wavelengths of pH-dependent FL, FL excitation spectra, and the FL lifetimes are nearly coincident with those of aromatic compounds bound with oxygen functional groups, which suggests that the FL comes from sp(2) fragments consisting of small numbers of aromatic rings with oxygen functional groups acting as FL centers in the GO.