Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is well known to promote the proliferation of almost all cells associated with wound healing. However, as the activation duration of bFGF is very short in vivo, we incorporated bFGF into an acidic gelatin hydrogel and studied the sustained release of bFGF in vivo. In addition, we investigated the effects of the acidic gelatin sheet containing bFGF on wound healing. To distinguish wound contraction from neoepithelialization, we measured both the wound area and neoepithelium length. Other histological parameters such as thickness of granulation tissue and number of capillaries were also determined as indices of wound healing. Fibrous tissue was assessed using an Elastica van Gieson and Azan stain. A skin defect (1.5 x 1.5 cm) of full thickness was created on the back of each test mouse and the wound was covered with an acidic gelatin hydrogel, referred to as a gelatin sheet in this study (2 x 2 cm), with bFGF (100 mu g/site) (A) or without bFGF (B). 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after covering, mice were killed and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to estimate the concentration of bFGF in the plasma. In another experiment, each wound was covered with (A), (B) or a hydrogel dressing (control croup, C) and the wound area was measured 1 or 2 weeks postoperatively with a computer planimeter. The histological parameters, as mentioned above, were assessed using a light microscope. Sustained release of bFGF from the gelatin sheet was observed and the gelatin sheet containing bFGF promoted neoepithelialization, granulation, neovascularization and wound closure. This gelatin sheet containing bFGF was concluded to be effective for wound healing and promising for clinical use.