Wood biomass is promising resource to obtain energy and various chemical products through its degradation. We have developed several elementary techniques to study wood biomass with solution NMR. First, we develop a new way of sample preparation. Second, Transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) gave high resolution signals of the key structures contained in the whole wood, branched or conjugated form of lignin. Finally, we develop the method to accurately quantify the components of wood biomass. We used this method to monitor the biodegradation of wood biomass by fungi. Selective degradation of either cellulose or lignin depending on a kind of fungi used was successfully detected. A key metabolite for a selective degradation has also been detected with the assist of ^<13>C labeling. Thus, our NMR method has a wide range of application to identify various components of wood biomass and to monitor their conversion.