In cognitive anthropology, little attention has been paid to women's knowledge and gender differences in the folk classification of subsistence spaces. This paper examines such gender differences or divisions of subsistence spaces and related religious places by focusing on a Japanese fishing village on the Tango Peninsula before Japan's high economic growth period. In this village, women engaged in agriculture and followed Buddhist rituals, while men engaged in fishing and followed Shinto rituals. While also maintaining classificatory commonalities, members of each gender had detailed classifications of areas within their own activity spaces. Both women and men recognized and experienced both "public" and "private" spaces, in both subsistence and religious activities. Furthermore, the women were not subordinated and inferior to the men in their knowledge of spaces and places but rather maintained complementary relationships with them. Current feminist theories on modern Japanese space cannot fully explain the situation of the studied village.