<p>The purpose of the study is to extract phylogeographical information necessary for conservation of Myanmar's nonhuman primates (NHP) by clarifying the phylogenetic status and genetic diversity of Myanmar's NHP, and the relationship among the local populations. Five species of macaques occur in Myanmar. In this presentation, we report preliminary results of analyses of mitochondrial variations in Macaca fascicularis aurea (Mfa), M. leonina (Mleo) and M. arctoides (Marc). To see phylogenetic status of Mfa, we analyzed the 12S-16S region of mtDNA in Mfa as well as 12 individuals representing 9 species (M. arctoides, M. assamensis, M. fascicularis, M. fuscata, M. leonina, M. mulatta, M. nemestrina, M. silenus and M. thibetana). Next, we examined intraspecific variation in 4 inland populations of Mfa and some individuals of Mleo and Marc with information of origin of locality, by determining of approx. 1.8 kb region that included the whole length of Cyt b gene and hyper variable segment 1 of the D-loop region. In the species-level phylogenetic tree, Mfa was placed at the basal position, not forming a cluster with other subspecies of M. fascicularis from Laos and Sumatra, as suggested by Bunlungsup et al. (2015). The result of phylogenetic analysis within the species of Mleo indicated that Myanmar's Mleo separated into at least 3 haplogroups; the first one formed a cluster with the Bangladesh sample, the second was related to the Thai South haplogroup, and the third was included in the cluster of Thai North + M. silenus. As to M. arctoides, more samples should be collected and examined in order to elucidate the phylogeography of the species. These results will be helpful to find evolutionary significant units for conservation of macaques distributed in Myanmar.</p>