The reliability and validity of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale with Japanese patients after stroke was examined. Subjects were outpatients between 6 months and 3 years post stroke of cerebral infarction. Two kinds of Self-Esteem were examined. One was that of the present time. The other was that of the past time (Respondents recalled their Self-Esteem before having a stroke). The respondents were 38 people who consisted of 26 males and 12 females. Twenty-eight of thirty-eight respondents answered the two-week test-retest. The responding rate of the two-week test-retest was 73.7%. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale at the present time suggested that the reliability of the two-week test-retest was 0.73. Cronbach' α 0.77. And two factors were extracted from the result of factor analysis (R2=39.1%). In the other hand, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale at the past time suggested that the reliability of the two-week test-retest was 0.37(NS). These results suggest that the reliability and validity of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale at the present time with Japanese patients after stroke is good. We need more consideration about the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale at the past time.