OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study analysed 345 participants, who were all 79 years of age. Kidney function levels were determined based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; non-reduced function: ≥60 and reduced function: <60 ml min-1  1.73 m-2 ). VDR TaqI genotyping was also studied. We calculated the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). After classifying participants into quartile groups according to eGFR or PISA values, the subjects were then split into two groups (highest quartile versus the other three groups combined). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratios between the eGFR and VDR TaqI genotype with the different PISA groups. The eGFR was set as the dependent variable while the VDR TaqI genotype, HbA1C, gender, smoking habits and body mass index were defined as independent variables. RESULTS: A significant association was observed between the VDR TaqI genotype and eGFR in the PISA high group (odds ratio = 3.97, p = .027). CONCLUSION: Study results suggest that VDR TaqI genotype might be associated with CKD during inflammatory conditions caused by periodontal disease.