Soft-x-ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopies are employed to investigate the electronic structures of Sr1-xRh2O4. Similar to the layered cobaltates such as Na1-xCoO2, a valence-band satellite feature (VBS) occurs at higher binding energy to the O 2p band. We find that the VBS resonates at the O 1s edge. Additionally, core absorption shows clear x dependence in the O 1s edge rather than in the Rh 3p edge. These results indicate that the holes in the initial state mainly have O 2p character presumably due to d-p rehybridizations affected by Sr2+ vacancy potentials. The resultant inhomogeneous charge texture may have impact on the thermoelectric transport properties at low x.