Background: Missense mutations in dynamin 2 gene (DNM2) are associated with autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM) with characteristic histopathological findings of centrally located myonuclei in a large number of muscle fibers.Methods: To identify Japanese CNM caused by DNM2 mutations (DNM2-CNM), we sequenced DNM2 in 22 unrelated Japanese patients who were pathologically diagnosed with CNM. The clinical and pathological findings of DNM2-CNM in patients were reviewed.Results: We identified 3 different heterozygous missense mutations (p.E368K, p.R369W, and p.R465W) in 4 probands from 4 families. Clinically, calf muscle atrophy and pes cavus are features that are highly suggestive of DNM2-CNM among all CNMs. Pathologically, all 4 DNM2-CNM patients showed a radial distribution of myofibrils in scattered fibers, type 1 fiber atrophy, type 1 fiber predominance, and type 2C fibers. None of the non-DNM2-CNM patients exhibited all the 4 abovementioned pathological features, although some patients showed radial distribution without type 1 fiber atrophy and/or type 2C fibers.Discussion: These results indicate that the clinicopathological features of DNM2-CNM are rather homogeneous and can be distinguished from the features of non-DNM2-CNM. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.