© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013. Present status and future prospect in the fuel cell field were introduced in this chapter. To explain the important future prospect in the materials science of fuel cells, the authors focused on the materials science in the solid oxide fuel cell field after briefly summarizing present status of research and development in the fuel cell field. Also the authors reintroduced the research results to highlight the important role of the ultimate analysis of microstructure, simulation for a reasonable conclusion of microanalysis, and the processing route design based on microanalysis. The usefulness of the combined approach of microanalysis, simulation, and the processing route design is presented.