Cell dynamics involving distribution, adhesion, differentiation etc. is an important factor which decides therapeutic outcome in cell therapy. To investigate cell dynamics, in vivo imaging would be an promising tool. There are several types of imaging methods for tracing cells in vivo such as MRI, PET, SPECT, optical imaging. Each method possesses its own merit or demerit
therefore we should carefully select appropriate imaging method to the purpose. In this section, I would like to summarize optical imaging to visualize the dynamics of cells in vivo, and also to introduce our recent study.