Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to humans at concentrations lower than those at which it is toxic to plants because its effects on humans are cumulative. Although flooding of paddy fields effectively reduces grain levels of Cd, anaerobic conditions in paddy soil lead to arsenic (As) mobilization which could consequently increase the uptake of As by rice. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan analyzed the As content of staple crops in Japan and found that an average value of total As and inorganic As concentration in polished rice were 0.14 mg kg-1 and 0.12 mg kg-1, respectively (2014). As concentration in most other agricultural products was below the detection limit. Although sea food is a common source of total As, most of As in sea food are organic form which is less toxic than inorganic As. A marketbasket survey, with As-speciation analysis, indicated that rice is a major source of dietary intake of inorganic As in the Japanese population. The intake of inorganic As in rice carries a significant risk for cancer in populations for whom rice is a staple food. A ML for inorganic As (0.2 mg kg-1) in polished rice has been adopted by the 37th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (2014). This project has the following four study components: 1) Development of simultaneous mitigation technologies for arsenic and Cd in rice by using the low accumulating traits of rice cultivars 2) Development of simultaneous mitigation technologies for As and Cd in rice by using water management and adsorbent materials. 3) Development of prediction methods for As contamination risk in rice. 4) Development of simple and quick analytical methods for As concentration in rice and paddy soil The project began in FY 2013 and is scheduled to end in FY 2017. This research project is supported by a grant from the MAFF and conducted by 13 organizations. The results obtained in this project will be useful for making management measures for the code of practice for the prevention and reduction of As contamination in rice which will be developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.