A pot experiment was conducted to investigate whether the shoot cadmium (Cd) concentration in 11 rice and 10 soybean cultivars varied among 4 soils with different levels of Cd contamination. Significant differences in shoot Cd concentration were found among rice or soybean cultivars grown in the 4 soils. The ranking of the rice cultivars for the shoot Cd concentration varied considerably among the soils. On the other hand, the soybean cultivars were ranked similarly in terms of shoot Cd concentration in the 4 soils. Significant and positive correlations were found between the Cd and Zn concentrations and between the Cd and Mn concentrations in the shoot of rice cultivars, when they were grown in 2 soils with relatively moderate levels of Cd contamination. The shoot Cd concentration in the soybean cultivars, however, was not correlated with the concentrations determined for any of the metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe) across the 4 soils. Significant and positive correlations between the concentrations of Cd in younger shoots and mature seeds were detected among the soybean cultivars in 2 soils used, unlike among the rice cultivars, indicating that it may be difficult to evaluate the genotypic variation in seed Cd concentration using relatively younger shoots in the case of rice. These results revealed that genotypic differences in shoot Cd concentration in rice or soybean are variable or invariable among soils, respectively.