Papers

International journal
Nov, 2009

Increased CCL2 Expression and Macrophage/Monocyte Migration During Microbicide-Induced Vaginal Irritation

CURRENT HIV RESEARCH
  • Carsten Alt
  • ,
  • Travis Harrison
  • ,
  • Linda Dousman
  • ,
  • Nahoko Fujita
  • ,
  • Ken Shew
  • ,
  • Thanh-Thuy Tran
  • ,
  • Sara Shayesteh
  • ,
  • Akihiro Matsukawa
  • ,
  • Jon Mirsalis
  • ,
  • Annalisa D'Andrea

Volume
7
Number
6
First page
639
Last page
649
Language
English
Publishing type
Research paper (scientific journal)
DOI
10.2174/157016209789973682
Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD

Despite availability of successful prevention strategies, HIV continues to spread at alarming rates, especially among women in developing countries. Vaginal microbicides offer a promising approach for blocking transmission of HIV when condom use cannot be negotiated with male partners. A major problem in the development of vaginal microbicides is chemically induced vaginal irritation, which can enhance the risk of HIV transmission. Evaluation of vaginal irritation prior to clinical trials typically uses an expensive and animal-intensive rabbit vaginal irritation model, which could be supplemented by measuring additional inflammatory biomarkers. We studied several immunological parameters as potential biomarkers of vaginal irritation, using the spermicides nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride as test microbicides. We measured amounts of cytokines, as well as inflammatory cells, in vaginal tissue lysates and on the vaginal surface. We observed that treatment with the selected microbicides increases quantities of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, CXCL8, and CCL2 in the vaginal tissue parenchyma, and of CCL2 on the vaginal surface. This observation was correlated with increases in macrophages in the vaginal parenchyma. We suggest that measurements of CCL2 and macrophages can serve as new inflammatory biomarkers to evaluate the safety of promising novel microbicides for prevention of HIV.

Link information
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2174/157016209789973682
PubMed
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929801
PubMed Central
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892884
Web of Science
https://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=JSTA_CEL&SrcApp=J_Gate_JST&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=WOS:000272751500011&DestApp=WOS_CPL
ID information
  • DOI : 10.2174/157016209789973682
  • ISSN : 1570-162X
  • eISSN : 1873-4251
  • Pubmed ID : 19929801
  • Pubmed Central ID : PMC2892884
  • Web of Science ID : WOS:000272751500011

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