The aim of this report is to define and clarify the principles of the Federal Law on Education, which is the basic law in the field of education in the Russian Federation, focusing particularly on the power held by the state in the education system. The education policy in the RF is rooted in the proposals made in the context of the Perestroika reforms that were promoted over a wide area under the leadership of Mikhail. Gorbachev, the former chief secretary of the USSR Communist Party. The main framework of the anticipated goals of this policy is clearly set out in the Federal Law on Education established in July 1992. The Federal Law on Education repudiates the former system of education based on communist ideology, and envisages the construction of a new education system that is able to respond to the diverse needs of individuals and is based on a new concept of a state fashioned in accordance with the Western ideals of constitional government and a democratic society. An examination of the Federal Law on Education reveals the following significant principles: (1) the constitutional foundation of educational administration, (2) the unified nature of the education system on a federal level, (3) the democratic character of education, (4) the guarantee of a right to education, (5) state control over the results of educational study.