Acoustic harmonic generation phenomena in a multilayered structure with nonlinear interlayer interfaces are analyzed, numerically based on the finite element analysis as well as theoretically based on a perturbation analysis combined with the transfer matrix method. Results are demonstrated for a three-layered structure with two nonlinear interlayer interfaces. It is found that the amplitude of the second harmonic components depends on the incident fundamental frequency, due to the interaction of the generated harmonic components with the layered structure. As the number of layers increases, the frequency-dependence of the harmonic generation behavior becomes more complicated, and it is shown that the second harmonic amplitude becomes high at certain special frequencies.