To achieve microstructural refinement of ferrous alloys by using severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods, investigation of the microstructural evolution during hot deformation near the austenite-ferrite transformation temperature of ferrous alloys is necessary. In this study, a series of single and double-compression tests of cylindrical Fe-0.15C-0.2Si-1.4Mn-0.03Nb specimens are conducted in the temperature range from 750 to 900 degrees C. On the basis of experimental results, inverse analysis, micrographic investigation, finite element method (FEM) analysis, and regression analysis are carried out to obtain the material genome for Fe-0.15C-0.2Si-1.4Mn-0.03Nb alloy, which describes the static and dynamic kinetics of microstructural evolution of this alloy. The validity and feasibility of the proposed material genome are verified by compression tests of hourglass-shaped specimens and subsequent micrographic investigation.