The purpose of this study was to develop a new calcium phosphate cement as a bonesubstitute. The cement consisted of liquid and powder components. The powder component consisted of α-tricalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. Two types of liquid component were used; one contained carboxymethyl-chitin, succinic acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate solution (SAcement), and the other distilled water (DW cement). The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the two cements were investigated. After combining the powder and liquid components, the SA cement was found to develop a "putty-like" consistency that could be molded into any desired shape. However, the DW cement could not be molded. The compressive strength was higher in the SA cement than in the DW cement. Histological examination showed that inflammation around the DW cement grafted on the subcutaneous tissue in rats was a little less than that around the SA cement at 1 week after grafting. At 4 weeks, the SA cement grafted on the bone had bound to the bone as efficiently as the DW cement. The results suggested that this new calcium phosphate cement using succinic acid and carboxymethyl-chitin in the liquid component is suitable as a bone substitute.