The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of nucleoside (NS) and nucleotide (NT) on the recipient and graft immune response after rat allogenic small intestinal transplantation. Seven-week-old Lewis rats were randomly assigned to two groups, including the NS/NT free group (n=6) and the NS/NT supplemented group (n=6), according to the diet received. The recipient Lewis rats were each given diet for 12 days, and then, on the nineteenth day of gestation, a 2 cm jejunum from the donor fetal Fischer rat was transplanted into the abdominal wall of the recipient rats using a non-vascular anastomotic technique. The recipient rats were killed on day 2 after transplantation, and then the recipient plasma interleukin-2 (IL-2) level was measured. In addition, the histological findings of the graft were analyzed. The IL-2 level of the NS/NT free group was significantly lower than that of the NS/NT supplemented group. In order to determine the grade of rejection, the morphological findings were blindly graded on a scale of 0-4. The mean grade of the NS/NT free group was also significantly lower than that of the NS/NT supplemented group. The NS/NT free diet is therefore considered to have an immunosuppressive effect on rat allogenic small intestinal transplantation based on the recipient plasma IL-2 levels and the histological findings of the grafts.